Ethics and Genetic Modification
We're asking here, what sort of people should there be?
What are the social implications of this?
Does it come under the goals of medicine?
The techniques of these have become much more advanced. It's fact rather than scifi now!
Types of Genetic Material
This could be somatic - affect the body but not inheritable or germline - inheritable changes to children.
So somatic types shouldn't raise any new ethical issues, it's another type of therapy.
Germline ones though, could potentially have far greater consequences. On their children, could they consent?
There are healthcare inequalities that could be worsened by this. Chances are only the rich could pay for this. Social Justice
Therapy Vs Enhancement
Are you doing something to remove something we see as an illness, or are you doing something to improve something we view as a normal human state?
If you are doing something that's an improvement of normality, is that under the role of medicine?
Arguments For
- Reduce Suffering
- Improve quality of life
- Reduce numbers of abortions
- Increase parental freedoms of choice
Arguments Against
- "Playing God" - Theological Transgression of Divine Laws
- Transgressing Natural Laws
- Unacceptable Risk of Harm - errors would be irreversibl, the underlying risk is unknowable, any mistake will be passed down future generations
- Threat to Genetic Diversity
- Counter Productivity
- Social Injustice
- Who decides what we keep and what we chuck?
- People could make those decisions on racism and sexism