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Features of amniotic fluid embolism include:

True / False

Convulsions Correct

Bronchospasm Correct

Cardiorespiratory collapse Correct

Abnormal bleeding Correct

Pulmonary hypertension Correct

Explanation

All the above may be features of amniotic fluid embolism if sufficiently large.

It is an extremely rare emergency condition when amniotic fluid, fetal cells, hair or other debris enters the mother's blood stream via the placenta and triggers an allergic reaction. This allergic reaction then results in cardiorespiratory collapse.

Phase one comprises acute dyspnoea and hypertension which may quickly progress to cardiorespiratory arrest.

Although many women do not survive beyond Phase 1, Phase 2 is also known as the haemorrhagic phase and may be accompanied by severe shivering, coughing, vomiting and the sensation of a bad taste in the mouth. It is accompanied by fetal distress and bradycardia together with maternal haemorrhage.

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